NIO

NIO stands for Non-blocking I/O, a feature in programming that allows for asynchronous input and output operations. In contrast to traditional blocking I/O, where a process must wait for the I/O operation to complete before continuing, NIO enables a program to initiate an I/O operation and then proceed with other tasks, checking back later to see if the I/O is complete.NIO is particularly useful in scenarios requiring high performance and scalability, such as server applications handling numerous simultaneous connections. It uses channels and buffers to manage data efficiently, allowing for operations like file reading/writing and network communication without the overhead of creating multiple threads.The key components of NIO include: - **Channels**: These are sources or destinations for data, similar to streams but capable of non-blocking I/O. - **Buffers**: Memory areas where data is temporarily stored when transferred between a channel and a program. - **Selectors**: These enable a single thread to monitor multiple channels, making it possible to handle numerous connections efficiently.NIO is a significant advancement in Java I/O, particularly introduced in Java 1.4, promoting better performance and scalability in concurrent application designs.